Hiển thị các bài đăng có nhãn lucio fulci. Hiển thị tất cả bài đăng
Hiển thị các bài đăng có nhãn lucio fulci. Hiển thị tất cả bài đăng

Chủ Nhật, 13 tháng 7, 2014

SUMMER OF BLOOD: ITALIAN SLASHERS

1982's The New York Ripper is a very, very, very special motion picture: it represents the exact moment at which the great Italian horror master Lucio Fulci transformed into the hacky Italian schlockmeister Lucio Fulci. The transition was achieved very cleanly: outside of two scenes which could stand along any giallo of the '70s for visual flair and psychologically bent terror, the film bears not a trace of the poetically gory hands of the man who just one year before had wrapped up his celebrated Gates of Hell trilogy with The Beyond and The House by the Cemetery.

We'll get back to that; in the meantime, let's ease into the thing. The New York Ripper opens with an elderly man (Sal Carollo) and his dog, the man shot in such disorientingly tight, pinched close-ups that I thought for certain that he was being set up as some demented figure who'd play a considerable role in the sick drama to follow, and not just a dude who would literally never appear again after the opening credits. All he's there for is to be part of a game of fetch gone wrong, when his dog brings back a rotting hand. This hand becomes the problem of NYPD officer Lt. Fred Williams (Jack Hedley), who you can tell just from looking at him is one of those world-weary sorts who has seen it all, and found all of it depraved and wanting. The kind who can reel off the statistic that eleven people are murdered in his jurisdiction every day, half of them women, and do so with the sort of bored, slumped posture that suggests he has no more emotional stake in that fact than he does in the Mets' current woes.

What Williams doesn't know is that he's just been given a serial killer case, or should I say he's been handed the case, because y'know, the fact that there was a hand, it's like a pun. In fact, New York is about to be plagued by a series of killings committed by a person whose only persistent identifiable characteristic is a tendency to speak in a voice like a psychopathic Donald Duck. A more psychopathic Donald Duck, anyway. After the next violently mutilated body shows up, of a woman (Cinzia de Ponti) slashed through the genitals, Williams calls in an expert on maniacs, Dr. Paul Davis (Paolo Malco) of Columbia University. The two of them begin to develop a plan to find and stop the killer, though Williams is so hard-boiled and resigned to a world of shit, and Davis so generally callous, that neither of them are trying very hard. Eventually, the case starts to break when one victim, Fay Majors (Almanta Keller) manages to survive wounds, and with her boyfriend Peter (Andrew Occhipinti, under the American market friendly name of Andrew Painter) begins to endure an entire series of failed attempts by the Quacking Ripper on her life. Though even this proves to be less use than it immediately seems; the man she's able to identify as her attacker, Mikis Kalenda (Howard Ross) is revealed rather soon after to us as merely the procurer for the actual Ripper, finding the kind of "dirty" or otherwise morally compromised women that the killer prefers.

In its bones, then, this is basically just a routine giallo, a nice urban murder mystery. It came out in the Slasher Era, which means that the focus is less on psychological discombobulation (the spine of all the very best gialli), and more on evocative, high-impact violence, but it's not like the gialli were exactly squeamish about such matters. Still, the quantity and degree of the violence in The New York Ripper is quite impressive: enough to get the film banned in Britain during the Video Nasties days, despite it not being on the Nasties list itself. In fact, the violence in the film is so prominent and so pronounced in its impact that it's kind of hard to talk about anything else. That is, in fact, the nugget of the argument of the faction that decries the film as lesser, if not indeed outright terrible Fulci (having developed a good-sized cult in the years after its toxic early reception, this remains the most divisive of the director's movies): that it is nothing but an exercise in watching brutal acts of highly creative and wicked acts of violence against women, a torture porn film years and years before anybody even thought of suggesting that was a genre. It's no fun to side with the prudes, but I absolutely have to, in this case: The New York Ripper is a squalid, joyless exercise in extreme gore, with a ridiculous fig leaf at the end when it reveals the killer and explains his motives in a way that could potentially serve as a sign that the movie is indicting acts of male violence against women, if only it didn't come after the specific 85 minutes of cinema preceding that reveal.

I am irresistibly drawn to compare the film to William Lustig's Maniac from two years earlier, for the two films resemble each other closely. Both are set in a version of New York that focuses on the shabbiest, filthiest corners of that city during one of the nastier periods in its history, and both depict acts of horrifying cruelty against women. Neither is a film that's much fun to watch in anyway, and anybody suggesting that it might be is probably worth avoiding in small group settings, but for all that it is a sick, slimy affair, Maniac at least feels like it has some depth and purpose. It's rubbing our faces in the worst of humanity with the exact point of making us feel degraded and awful about it; it comes from a place of thematic and sociological nihilism, but it has themes and sociology. The New York Ripper doesn't manage quite the same feat: it depicts more disgusting acts but with less visceral implication of the viewer. It presents torture for us to watch, it doesn't assault us with torture. And because of this, it's basically an empty exercise. Not that, God knows, I think that every good horror film needs to make us feel awful about death and violence, or anything like that. I am a huge, even starry-eyed fan of The Beyond, which has plenty of extreme and foul-minded scenes of violence, and it makes absolutely no claims to thematic depth at all. But it has artistry behind it: it imparts mood using its visuals about as well as any horror film I can name, and even if it's basically just spectacle, it's spectacle that's emotionally transporting. The New York Ripper is just a wallow in bad behavior, too wearying to even make one angry. It's not in the least scary, it's gross. Emphatically and unapologetically gross, and there's no art to that.

The gulf between The New York Ripper and Maniac, or The Beyond, or a hundred other, better violent horror movies, is typified by its sex show scene. By the mere fact that it has a sex show scene, in which a woman named Eva (Zora Kerova) and a man with no name at all (Urs Althaus) are onstage in one of the seediest adult theaters in the blighted hellhole of early-'80s Times Square, having sex for an audience that includes Kalenda, and a smartly-dressed woman we'll later learn is called Jane Lodge (Alexandra Delli Colli), the latter of whom masturbates while watching, the camera cutting from the sex act she's watching to extreme close-ups of her mouth twisting in pleasure. Which is, to be fair, the most classy, artful way to film a scene of a woman masturbating at a Times Square live sex show that you could possibly hope for.

But then, the question arises, is this actually a scene that a film like The New York Ripper requires? If so, is it a scene that needs to go on for as long as it does (notably, most of the censorship the film has undergone pertains to its sex, not its violence - which opens up a whole other conversation, but still)? Probably not and no, respectively. And even then, the scene is a masterpiece of narrative concision compared to the later scene in which Jane is foot-raped in a bar. These are lingering, sordid moments, ones where sex is glared at with a blank, disinterested focus by the filmmakers, and it feels more like something out of a Joe D'Amato picture than anything I'd associate with Fulci in his prime. Not a complimentary comparison, in case the name "Joe D'Amato" doesn't mean anything to you right off.

Having thus telegraphed its willingness to stomp around in the most gratuitous kind of sex and linger on sexual humiliation in what I think might be a scene played for comedy, the film thus gets that much ickier when the time comes to kill Jane off - this came as an unpleasant development to me, for her first handful of scenes, I was actually expecting her to turn out to be the real Ripper, since there was no obvious reason otherwise for her to take up so much screentime (and sure enough, she's absolutely not an important enough character for the energy the film takes in building her up) - and does so with a level of unblinking violence that outdoes anything else I have seen in Fulci. Including what might be the single most upsetting moment of eye violence in the filmography of a director who treated eye violence the way Spielberg treats shooting stars. It's immaculately staged, and brilliantly executed - on the level of craft, I'll cop to being in absolute awe of it - but it's so leering, so filthy, and so distasteful in the context of how the film views women and Jane in particular, it's not valuable or entertaining, it's just pitiless and rancid.

That the killer speaks like Donald Duck immediately connects The New York Ripper with 1972's Don't Torture a Duckling, whose Italian title contains a more explicit reference to the Disney character. That film is one Fulci's greatest works, though not because it kindly; where The New York Ripper is cruel, Don't Torture a Duckling is outright nihilistic. But that nihilism develops cleanly from the film's unrelenting social commentary, and I kept hoping, right up to the pretty much indefensible close-up of Jane's nipple being cut in half by a razor blade, that the link between the two films on the Donald level mean that The New York Ripper would eventually turn into something similar. It doesn't; there's the outline of a something about men wanting women to be impossibly perfect, but if I were inclined to defend the movie, it would be out of admiration that it pulls no punches and knows exactly what it is, not because it has any meaningful level of thematic depth or sophistication.

And there's another line of defense, I guess: unlike all of the later Fulci films I've seen, The New York Ripper is actually well-made. Even extremely well-made: it was the second and last film Fulci made (after a gap of eleven years!) with cinematographer Luigi Kuveiller, a great talent in the Italian film industry of the '70s, and his depiction of the squalor of New York and the nightmarish corners of it is fantastic; there's a brief scene in a subway with screaming red lights that is the most inspired part of the entire movie, almost solely through its lighting, and a weird sequence in a movie theater where the mood lighting is almost as important as Fulci's staging of the unseen film as a surrealist collage of sounds (I mentioned two great scenes in my opening paragraph: there you have them). So no matter what's going on, the film looks fantastic. And as a police procedural and mystery, Fulci and crew keep the film tight and tense, with Hedley doing excellent work as the bleak, weathered Williams (Malco's Davis - eventually revealed to be gay in a very bizarre and pointless scene that I think is meant to explain his amoral glossing over the dead women - is much less consistent or interesting). That the film eventually follows slasher rules rather than giallo rules in outing and disposing of its killer means that this angle on the film is a bit of a dead end, but it's pretty great while it lasts. Nothing else is, though; I could possibly attempt to overlook everything vile in the film if it was genuinely horrifying, but The New York Ripper is ultimately more rote and banal in its storytelling than it is repellent, and that's the worst kind of combination.

Body Count: 6, which is almost exactly the right number for a Ripper-based thriller. I am not counting the dead body at the very beginning of the movie, of which we see only a hand.

Thứ Tư, 30 tháng 10, 2013

MASTERS OF ITALIAN HORROR: LUCIO FULCI IS ALL SKIN AND BONES

Part of the Italian Horror Blogathon at Hugo Stiglitz Makes Movies

There's an argument to be made that Lucio Fulci had the most varied career of any director in history. Certainly, among those filmmakers chiefly known for their contributions to the Italian genre machine, I can think of no-one who directed films in such wildly different styles and registers: sex comedies, Westerns, political satires, gory horror films, and more than a little bit of shading within those extremes (I believe he made at least one of every commercially viable subgenre of horror available during the span of his career except for an exorcism movie, for example). But his fandom rests on his great horror films, which he produced in two waves: four gialli dribbled out between Perversion Story AKA One on Top of the Other in 1969 and Murder to the Tune of Seven Black Notes AKA The Psychic in 1977, followed closely by a much more compact grouping of zombie-esque films from '79 to '81 (after this, he continued to crank out quite a lot of stuff, though I think that we can confidently assert the adjective "great" rarely to never needs to be brought up in discussing them).

Today, we are gathered to pay tribute to the second of his gialli, and perhaps the most exemplary among the four, A Lizard in a Woman's Skin AKA Schizoid. Though if anybody has used the latter title since American International first released a compromised cut of the film in the U.S. in 1973, I cannot imagine why, because it's fantastic. The film is something of a snapshot of the giallo as it existed in 1971: situated in the cultural hangover from the Swinging '60s, set (and shot) in a version of London that nevertheless feels unmistakably Italian in attitude and tenor, driven by sexual perversion and repression. And, too, it is snaspshot of Fulci's career as it had evolved by that point: enthusiastically sleazy with just enough outré imagery that you can't quite call it exploitation, fascinated by violence to a rare degree even for an Italian genre director, driven by sexual perversion and repression.

That A Lizard in a Woman's Skin is all about the id could not be any clearer from its very first scene: a brunette woman that we'll eventually learn is named Carol Hammond (Florinda Bolkan) is trapped in a writhing bisexual orgy, driven to the brink of outright madness by the ecstatic looks on the revelers all around her. It doesn't take more than a second or two to figure out that this is a nightmare, and it proves, indeed, to be a recurring one: Carol has even been seeing a psychotherapist, Dr. Kerr (George Rigaud) to find out why she's so obsessed with this setting, which she associates with another resident of her apartment complex, the libertine hostess Julia Durer (Anita Strindberg, probably the most prominent cast member, though that wasn't the case when she made this film, only her third, and the first under that name). You don't need that medical degree, or even to know the tropes of a giallo, to grasp that Carol is being torn into emotional pieces by her desire to be more sexually adventurous, or that her repression ends up being a primary force in the mystery to follow.

You can also guess, based on the title, that her sexuality is to a certain degree vilified, though I'm not absolutely certain how much that holds. There's never a real sense that the film thinks of the orgiastic free-for-all she sees in her mind's eye is healthy, and Julia (the film's embodiment of liberated female sexuality) is surely not presented as being an especially nice or sympathetic human being. Still, the problems in Carol's life all come from her denying her sexual appetites, and if she'd just own up to what she wants, there'd be far less to build a movie around. Probably, Fulci and his fellow writers weren't really thinking in those terms: to be a giallo in the early '70s was necessarily to be involved in corrupted sexuality, and that's not really what A Lizard in a Woman's Skin cares about.

If anything, the film's alternate U.S. title gives us the best clue what the film is really about: the perception of a disturbed, fragmentary mind. One night, Carol's dreams involve Julia's violent death, as a pair of dead-eyed hippies (Penny Brown and Mike Kennedy) watch; a few days later, Julia's body is found, having been dead for most of a week, and under the exact circumstances that Carol dreamed of. The head investigator from Scotland Yard, Inspector Corvin (Stanley Baker) immediately starts to put details together and concludes that Carol must be the primary suspect, though his attempts to prove this are stymied by her politician father, Edmond Brighton (Leo Genn) and her devoted teenage stepdaughter Joan (Ely Galleani) - Joan's father, Carol's husband Frank (Jean Sorel) is too busy having affairs to give a damn. Carol goes from "high strung" to "paranoid" in the blink of an eye, and spends the rest of the movie in something of a fugue state, seeing things that can't be there, experiencing places that can't exist, and having no idea if she's responsible for Julia's death or not, but sure as hell not wanting to take the fall for it.

There is one critical flaw with A Lizard in a Woman's Skin that's enough of a piece with the bulk of gialli (where sensation mattered a little bit more than narrative logic, though not to the degree of Fulci's later "Gate to Hell" movies) that it almost shouldn't matter: the ending doesn't work. It's the kind of thing that makes it openly impossible for most of the film up to that point to have actually taken place in the way we've seen it take place, given what certain people should know and thus how they should behave when we see them alone. I think that's vague enough to be meaningful without spoiling the 42-year-old genre classic.

Now, nobody needs to point out that gialli aren't particularly known for sticking the ending, or making anything that resembles coherent psychological sense. Is A Lizard in a Woman's Skin particularly obnoxious in this regard? Probably not. I think it's more that the first 85 minutes or so of the film are so terrifically above-par that for it to slide into stock genre nonsense at the end is a bit more disappointing than if the whole thing had just been an average giallo comme une autre. At no point does the film give Don't Torture a Duckling* a run for its money as Fulci's greatest work in the subgenre (though it is certainly more typical of the things the giallo does best), but at its best - where it frequently lives - this is one hell of a heady rush of terrifying imagery filtered through Carol's distressed mind. The dream sequences are obviously impressive, warping physical reality itself in a series of stagings that resemble dioramas of sex and murder (cinematographer Luigi Kuveiller, who wouldn't work with Fulci again until after his descent began, does some wonderful camera tricks to distort the image with genuinely dreamlike obscurity), but the way the film starts to break Carol's awake reality are even more impressive. The infamous scene of vivisected dogs (make-up artist Carlo Rambaldi had to demonstrate how he created the effect in court, to save Fulci from doing jail time for animal torture†) is the most obvious example, but the later sequence of Carol running through the bizarrely industrial spaces of the Alexandra Palace is even better, depicting a nonstop stream of huge, hellishly abandoned rooms that spill into each other with only the vaguest sense of physical continuity.

Fulci was not, at this point, as invested in the conscious surrealism of Bava or Argento, and in particular his attention to gory effects, far above and beyond those men (he was easily the most bloodthirsty of the major Italian horror directors), grants A Lizard in a Woman's Skin a grounded, visceral realism that makes its psychedelic excesses far more punch than they might have had. Which is not to say that his approach is any better, only that it leaves the film fare grungier, and that gives it a hell of a lot of personality and impact. By making the film grounded in physical actuality and more lingering, disgusting gore, Fulci and Kuveiller and the rest of the filmmakers were able to make the moments of drug or psychosis-induced fantasy pop that much more, and somehow, having just a little insanity ends up making the whole film feel more deranged than if it always occupied that heightened place. For as long as it works, A Lizard in a Woman's Skin does as good a job of exploring what a mental breakdown might actually consist of as well as any giallo ever did, and given the genre's huge enthusiasm for psychiatry, that's one heck of an achievement.