Hiển thị các bài đăng có nhãn documentaries. Hiển thị tất cả bài đăng
Hiển thị các bài đăng có nhãn documentaries. Hiển thị tất cả bài đăng

Thứ Tư, 24 tháng 6, 2015

KENYA BELIEVE IT?

A review requested by a compassionate fellow, brimming with love for his fellow man, with thanks for contributing to the Second Quinquennial Antagony & Ecstasy ACS Fundraiser.

Revisiting a political advocacy documentary whose stated intent was to influence a presidential election years after it failed to do so probably isn't sporting, regardless of one's opinion about the politics involved. On the other hand, the 2012 essay film 2016: Obama's America does have a still-contemporary hook: it offers specific predictions about what the United States of America will resemble by the end of President Barack Obama's second term, though for a movie with "2016" in the title, that's a shockingly small part of the overall running time. I write these words with just slightly more than a year and a half in that time period remaining, so strictly speaking, it's unfair to the film's mastermind Dinesh D'Souza to point out that none of the things he has predicted has come to pass, and the one that has come closest has been for totally different reasons. But any of them could happen, even though it seems like Obama is leaving himself with precious little time to scrap 97% of the nation's nuclear arsenal, if he's actually that interested in doing it.

For most of its running time, Obama's America is actually more of a biographical and psychological sketch than it is in any significant way about policy. This is both its weirdest characteristic and its greatest liability, as a movie and as propaganda. Instead of making bold factual claims, the film structures most of its argument along the skeleton of "this seems one way, but what if we assume it's this other way instead?", a series of queries that openly confess to being baldly speculative. Late in the film, D'Souza appears on one or another of the talking heads shows and all but openly admits that the idea of the book that primarily forms the film's basis - The Roots of Obama's Rage, from 2010 - exists primarily to fill a hole in the conservative ecosystem, providing a replacement for the "Obama is a Kenyan-born Muslim" narrative to people who want all the fun of seeing the president as leader of a shadowy cabal without the embarrassment of having to believe demonstrable untruths. It's a moment that confirms that we've basically been watching a History Channel show about ancient aliens, ginning up nonsense based on evidence that, at best, doesn't not exist, all in the interest of throwing out a conspiracy theory just for the hell of it.

And so the film itself cleaves into three units: the first is D'Souza's own life story, which he sees as being enormously parallel to Obama's own (same birth year, same marriage year, both came from a multicultural international background), and which he offers for reasons that are honestly a bit obscure. At first I assumed it was a "see, if a brown-skinned immigrant like me can become a well-known political commentator and college president, America must be a great country!" riff, and the early going of D'Souza's rhetoric would appear to bear that out. But nothing in the remainder of the film follows through on that.

Meanwhile, D'Souza's way of telling his own life story is baffling in the extreme, relying on some of the hokiest re-enactments imaginable. At one point, our host recalls the time he got into an argument, as a student, with Jesse Jackson, insisting that there's no real evidence for such a thing as systemic racism (it's darkly hilarious, in 2015, to think that there was a time less than three years ago when anybody could think that they might get away with arguing for the non-existence of systemic racism), and the images drift into a peculiar fantasy sequence, in which a young black man sits down at a bar, only to have two young white men make a big show of looking disdainful and leaving. And then he looks sad, and biased-against. But look! It turns out they were just going to get his birthday cake, and they acted mean to make it a bigger surprise! Yay for post-racist America! I have no fucking clue what this is about, but it's deliriously campy.

Having thus established himself as a beneficiary of America's incontrovertible goodness, D'Souza launches into a fascinatingly off-base psychoanalysis of the president, minutely investigated his family history even when it makes no sense to do so (we're not just informed that his father had eight children by three women, we're presented the chronology of how that happened in lengthy detail), and building up the idea that Obama was so affected by the absence of his father for virtually his entire life, that he decided to take as his own worldview his father's Muslim radical anti-colonialism. Anti-colonialism! That's the sexy concept around which Obama's America relentlessly circles, with D'Souza deciding at the outset that the only possible way to interpret all the weird imbalances in Obama's behavior (which, for the most part, D'Souza does not specify) is to assume that he's a sleeper agent waiting for the perfect moment to gut the United States' standing in the world, economically and militarily. The idea that the apparent inconsistencies in the president's actions and rhetoric might be because he's a corporate centrist who says liberal-sounding lies to keep the Democratic base from acting up being much too simple and obvious, apparently; but one of the other fascinating things about Obama's America is that nearly every single specific mystery D'Souza tries to solve from the right is rather more directly solvable from the left.

The film's whole argument is unbelievably tormented, not representing the mainstream of conservative punditry at all (the best takedown of The Roots of Obama's Rage was, in fact, written by a conservative), and in the absence of facts, relying on innuendo, and in the absence of innuendo, relying on, "don't you see, the fact that no piece of evidence in existence confirms my theories about how anti-colonial Kenyan Muslim radicalism is the defining aspect of Obama's personality just shows how insidious he really is!" One badly wishes to compare D'Souza to the left's own movie essayist Michael Moore, who similarly allows implication to stand in for proof and isn't above misleading with editing when the facts aren't right where he wants them. But at least Moore makes testable claims. And more importantly, Moore is a bravura showman, plucking at our emotions, both to make us very sad and to make us very angry; and Moore is a broad entertainer, throwing comedy and music and a razzle-dazzle pacing to make his movies peppy. D'Souza has none of that - Obama's America is, in fact, deathly boring, as our host uses his warm, soft voice to run through ream after ream of dense narration, like a college professor who you find personally appealing, but completely incapable of making his lectures feel like anything but listening to an audiobook of an appliance manual.

Even setting aside its intellectual barrenness, Obama's America just isn't well-made, the chief difference between this and the equally polemical and rhetorically dubious but vastly more stylish Bowling for Columbine, for example. It's the difference between a filmmaker getting involved in politics, and a politico deciding to make a film, perhaps, and while presumably D'Souza's co-director, John Sullivan, was responsible for more of the actual nuts-and-bolts filmmaking, even he was a producer, not a director. And Obama's America is mostly a dumbshow: it's polished and sleek, and it looks more expensive than it is, but it also doesn't look like that money went to people who knew how to mix sound, for example. Or lock down a tripod. There are artistic choices that verge on incompetence, like the obviously-staged cell phone sequences in which D'Souza looks intense and troubled while his conversations are intercut with people on the other line rattling off their evidence for Obama's wickedness ("excitedly rattling off", I was going to say, but nobody in this movie is ever all that excited about anything). One of them is clearly holding his phone the wrong way.

At one point, the filmmakers commit one of the worst unforced errors I've ever seen in a political documentary: D'Souza takes the time to fly to Africa to talk to Obama's half-brother George, and attempts to goad him into admitting how furious he is at having been abandoned by his wicked anti-colonial monster of a relative. And George just won't do it; he doesn't appear to care in the slightest about American politics, or find the interview interesting at all. It undoubtedly sucked for the filmmakers to spend the resources on getting an unusable interview like that, but it was exactly that: unusable. And yet D'Souza soldiers on and sticks it in the movie anyway, like it somehow proves his point, rather than making him look like a boob. That's Obama's America in a nutshell: when the facts go square against your argument, simply point and them and declare "look, do you see how that proves me right? Yes it certainly does, and if you disagree, you just need to listen to my quiet, sleepy voice some more". This is neither printing the facts nor printing the legend: it's printing the flop sweat.

Thứ Năm, 7 tháng 5, 2015

THE ART OF LYING

A review requested by Robert Lovejoy, with thanks for contributing to the Second Quinquennial Antagony & Ecstasy ACS Fundraiser.

In all the annals of unclassifiable films, I can't think of anything quite as unclassifiable as 1973's F for Fake, the penultimate completed feature of Orson Welles's directorial career (only Filming 'Othello' followed it). It's customarily identified as a documentary, and then customarily the hedging begins to the effect that, whatever the hell it is, "documentary" is a misleading word. It's part of the vaguely-defined tradition of the "essay film", movies which are ruminations on themes divorced from storytelling and intoxicated with using the medium itself to build an argument; but inherent to the notion of the essay film is that all of the best ones (and F for Fake is, I think, easily one of the best) don't resemble anything but themselves. They are sui generis.

The ingredients that go into F for Fake are, already, rather twisted up to the point that it's a matter of some controversy as to what existed at what point, and who's responsible for assembling it. But the basic shape of the thing is that French director François Reichenbach was preparing a documentary about Elmyr de Hory, an art forger who had just been the subject of a biography by Clifford Irving, published in 1969, with the monolithic title Fake. This was shaping up to be an intimate but stylistically conventional work of cinéma vérité, based on the footage that pops up in F for Fake, and that's when the bomb dropped: Irving's follow-up to Fake, an "as told to" autobiography of the legendary recluse Howard Hughes published in 1971, was discovered to be a complete fabrication. Around the time that this was discovered - one of the controversies concerns in exactly what order things happened - Reichenbach gave his de Hory footage to Welles, and signed on as cinematographer for the new project that the American filmmaker was going to build out of that foundation.

That new project was a treatise on the concept of fakery in multiple guises, including the act of making F for Fake itself; although Welles, narrating in full raconteur mode, promises us at the three-minute mark that everything we're told in the next sixty minutes of film is going to be the simple, pure truth, the editing and implications of his film are at the very least misleading, if not patently untrue. But then, by the two-minute mark, he's already freely owned up to being a charlatan. And that means laying claim to footage directed by others (Reichenbach and Oja Kodar, Welles's partner for the last quarter century of his life), re-assembling that and his own footage into mixtures whose implicit meaning is quite different from unadorned reality, and generally letting his subjects and himself spin a good story and worry about of the details lining up perfectly only as a tertiary concern.

Nor, really, does the film ever pretend otherwise. Welles clearly learned a lot from the Godardian Wing of the French New Wave that was still quite fresh in memory in the early '70s; by the third shot of F for Fake, in which we openly see the film crew making the movie we're watching, it's clear that this will be an enthusiastic participant in the trend of self-aware formalism by which a movie spends its entire running time reminding us that it's a movie, and that it was assembled by people with some kind of agenda. And still before that spurious "the next sixty minutes" claim, we've already heard Welles describe fakery, fraud, and lies under the affectionate umbrella of "hanky panky", the phrase cropping up at exactly the moment that the editing ramps up into a whirlwind of shortened attention and confusing jumps between unconnected images.

The rest of the film blasts through fragments of the de Hory and Irving stories, blended with snippets of Welles sharing anecdotes about them, himself, and other people he's known, the director appearing as a garrulous spectre all in black with a bushy beard to dominate the foggy empty spaces where he talks directly to us or the fancy restaurant table where he entertains a group of hangers-on with his theatrically-scaled way of talking. From the opening, which finds Welles on a train platform dazzling a child with magic tricks - the editing working double-time to make sure we can't tell if the little boy is truly seeing the marvels Welles is playing, or if he's just an actor responding to the most boring kind of cinematic sleight-of-hand - the topic of the film is at least as much Welles as a showman, desperate to please and keep us off-balance with the twists and turns of his tale-telling. "Sorry, I've been jumping around like this because that's how it was", he apologises at one point, but of course that's a lie too. He's jumping around because it delights him to do so, and it gives the film the frenzied patter of a magician who lets himself appear to be sloppy and confusing because that's the actual way he keeps us from looking. For among all its other charms, F for Fake is, essentially, structured as a feature-length magic trick with a single punchline that has nothing to do with Elmyr de Hory or Clifford Irving.

It's a hellaciously daunting movie, throwing curveball after curveball at high speed throughout, bragging about the lies its tells and inviting us to enjoy being lied to; for that is, ultimately, the real theme of F for Fake. Not that liars exist because people like de Hory, Irving, Welles, or Oja Kodar's grandfather, another art forger, can monetise tricking people; liars exist because people like to be tricked. It is the amateur magician Welles who recognises that, not the world-class filmmaker Welles, which perhaps explains why this is so unlike anything else in his career. But it's the filmmaker who translates that observation into purely cinematic terms, using some of the canniest editing I've ever seen to misdirect and guide the viewer to exactly the responses that Welles wants, while telling such colorful true and somewhat less-true stories that it's a delight to be manipulated.

Everything about the film is densely packed and even a bit wearying; 89 minutes is as long as this could dare to be, though it has the decency to end with a nice cool-down to ease us out of it. The filmmaking throughout is giddy and self-infatuated, and I will concede that of all the movies I've ever firmly believed to rank among the very best ever made, F for Fake is one of the most absolutely frivolous; its demolition of filmmaking technique is intellectually stimulating but not, ultimately, very complex in the annals of self-aware cinema. But very great it nevertheless is: a bold, brazen movie that could only have been made because a top-notch talent decided to show off for a little bit. Sure, it's indulgent, but indulgence is rarely this captivating.

Thứ Hai, 22 tháng 12, 2014

MOVIES I MISSED IN 2014: THIS CAMBODIAN LIFE

If I may risk being pithy about the gravest subject in the wide world, we’re living through a golden age of documentaries about mass killings in southeast Asia. Joshua Oppenheimer’s extraordinary, extraordinarily crushing dyad of The Act of Killing and The Look of Silence, with their historiographical study of the murder of accused Communists in Indonesia in 1965, are already legendary among the sorts of people who would be inclined to seek such things out; coming right in between the two them, having made the festival rounds in the second half of 2013, we turn to Cambodia from 1975-’79, the period of the notorious and cruel Khmer Rouge, a regime under the leadership of dictator Pol Pot that attempted to turn the country Communist by the expedient of massacring Cambodian citizens by the tens of thousands and leaving tens of thousands more to die from the miserable conditions that took root in the country as a result of the Khmer Rouge’s mismanagement of everything that could possibly be mismanaged.

Among those who managed to endure this four-year hell was teenaged Rithy Panh, the sole survivor of his family. Many decades later, Panh devoted himself to constructing a documentary mixing political history with personal memoir, and thus we arrive at The Missing Picture, winner of the 2013 Un Certain Regard award at Cannes, nominee for the Best Foreign Language Film award at the Oscars, and all around, one of the most daunting and important works of non-fiction cinema of the 2010s. The film’s title refers to the blank patch left in the historical record by the regime: all of the images of suffering, death, and casual evil that Panh recalls from his experience living through it, but which were either destroyed by the Khmer Rouge or never physically captured on film, either as motion pictures or stills. The Missing Image sets itself to the goal of rebuilding those images and recording them, giving visual testimony to the terrible events perpetrated against Cambodia from within, reclaiming Panh’s memories and giving them a tangible form that the totalitarian Communist regime worked to prevent during its brief, brutal time in power.

It is, in fact, something of a reversal of The Act of Killing, which explored the nature of mass killings by providing the aging perpetrators of those killings with a forum to express their memories through cinema, and thereby condemn themselves through their own words. The Missing Image instead gives voice to a victim, and is much more straightforward in the way it recounts history and then indicts its villains, though this is the only way in which it is more straightforward than anything. In order to stage his memories, Panh didn’t film re-enactments; he instead opted to stage his personal history as a series of elaborate three-dimensional tableaux, populated by small clay figures sculpted by Sarith Mang, while the history of the Khmer Rouge and Panh’s experience of it is recounted by a narrator (Randal Douc in the original French version, Jean-Baptiste Phou in the English dub, which is how I saw it). As movies go, this one is full of a great many still life subjects, but Panh and cinematographer Prum Mésa use the camera to probe through the richly colored, oddly playful sets, bringing the staged events to life with surprising vigor, considering how we’re basically watching a bunch of posed dolls.

It’s not just pregnant, kinetic camerawork that blasts life into the sculptures, though; Mang’s deliberately crude designs have individual personalities and shifting emotions that should hardly be conceivable for modeling clay figurines produced in the quantities this film requires. The childish nature of the technique and aesthetic constantly and uncomfortably reinforce the reality that Panh was himself barely out of childhood when he lived through the events he relates. Between the primitivist style and outstandingly expressive poses and faces, the figures in the film load it up with emotional resonance that ends up walloping us hard, and repeatedly, giving added wait to what are already dreadfully powerful stories put across in blunt, declarative statements that neither sensationalise the events nor beg for our pity and sympathy.

When, as happens somewhat often, Panh incorporates actual footage sanctioned by the Khmer Rouge, the contrast between the badly-aged black and white film and the colorful, hand-made figures appearing to watch or even interact with the film footage pushes and already bold and unique film into some kind of new place altogether, with the director uniting his decades-old memories with the scraps of extant documentary material to produce impressive conflations of past and present, personal and institutional. Throughout its running time, The Missing Image is as much a study of the persistence of memories as it is a history of the Khmer Rouge, and it is in these moments that those two threads draw closest together, combining with exceptional emotional force and intellectual thorniness in a film that has plenty of both of those things to start with.

Like most films about mass death, The Missing Picture is relentlessly, even oppressively unpleasant. As it should be and has to be, really. But even more than such essential works of pure human misery like The Act of Killing, this argues strongly for its essential nature by basing itself around the idea that we must never forget events such as these and human capacity for doing ill. It is, explicitly, an attempt to catalogue and present memories before they have been forgotten, something like a one-man Cambodian version of Shoah. If we do not grapple with films like this, we risk losing the memories and record of the events they depict, and thus make it easier as a specifies to repeat such events: you don’t walk out of The Missing Picture having “liked” it, but even so, I can’t name a single film released in 2014 in the United States that I’d be more eager to encourage people so seek out and sit through and process it in all of its difficult, disturbing complexity. It is both great cinema and important journalism, a rare and privileged combination.

10/10

Thứ Bảy, 6 tháng 12, 2014

NOW MUSEUM, NOW YOU DON'T

Last year's superlative At Berkeley dropped me squarely into the "Frederick Wiseman, where have you been all my life?" phase of my cinephilia, and now National Gallery confirms it: this man's documentaries are magnificent, essential, pure cinema. You can draw a line straight back from National Gallery's patient and inflectionless shots of people standing in the rooms of the titular museum all the way back to Auguste and Louis Lumière's objective viewpoint of Parisian crowds, and yet National Gallery feels profoundly modern in every way. It has as much to say about life and culture in the 2010s as any other movie I've seen all year, while being just a hell of a lot of fun to watch for its deep access to the inner workings of a living institution that most of us won't have had a chance to see. At Berkeley is probably "better" with its epic scale and monumental nature, but National Gallery, with far more editing that has shaped it to offer more of a clear progression of arguments, is rather more enjoyable, if I say so myself.

The subject, of course, is London's National Gallery, which Wiseman (doubling down as sound recordist, on top of directing and editing) visited in 2011 and 2012, during its exhibition of the works of Leonardo Da Vinci (this means, please note, that Wiseman was cutting At Berkeley and National Gallery more or less in tandem, which makes the fact that they're both amazing even more dumbfounding). But it is not a documentary about Leonardo's work. Nor, really, about any of the important works in the National Gallery collection, though many pieces are thoroughly discussed and analysed by onscreen experts over the course of the film's three hours.

What it is about, instead, is how art is curated and sold to people in the buzzy world of the 2010s. There's only a small amount of screentime devoted to the Gallery's bureaucracy, but the longest such scene comes very near the beginning, with a meeting of administrators discussing with polite British acrimony whether it makes sense for the Gallery to associate itself with a charity event, thereby setting A Precedent (which, even the most pro-charity people agree, is a thing that must absolutely not be set). The argument for it is that in a world with an ever-increasing number of diversions, people need a reason to care about the United Kingdom's publicly-owned collection of some of the most important European paintings gathered under one roof, with its attendant veneer of boring conservative respectability.

That's a conversation that never stops echoing throughout the remainder of the film, which becomes, in great part, a study of the way that art experts try to package and explain art. We see lecturers explaining to crowds of tourists how to view art through a modern lens and through a suitably contextualised historical one. We see the fussy, protracted work of tweaking lights to show off the right aspects of a painting. We see the scientific process of restoring damaged paintings and hear an extensive artistic description of what aesthetic philosophy the scientist needs to adopt in order to attempt that restoration. In a cheeky moment that reveals Wiseman has quite the dry sense of humor, we see another documentary team filming the same collection, though with an authoritative narrator who insists on interpretations, as opposed to Wiseman's ultra-detached willingness to stand back and let whoever happens to be in front of the camera do their thing.

Even that's the shallow end of the rabbit hole. For the longer we spend with the historians, lecturers, and administrators explaining within themselves and to outsiders how best to curate collections and then explain to an audience what the importance of all this art is, the more it becomes apparent that Wiseman has basically done the same thing. Taking a pile of God knows how much footage, deciding what story to tell with it, and then cutting it down to a streamlined three hours (which, by virtue of the variety and brevity of scenes, is absolutely never boring), in which we see plenty of explanations to an audience on both sides of the screen of why this art is important. The construction of Wiseman's National Gallery is very much like the construction of the actual edifice which shares its name, a link that the movie fully embraces, insomuch as the hands-off technique that defines the film "embraces" much of anything.

The film ends up being less an argument that classical art does or should still speak to us plugged-in moderns, and more an examination of the multifaceted ways in which it can engage everyone from children to students to art world professionals, and even a group of blind people, in one startling and beautiful scene showcasing just how flexible we can be in our approach to teaching and enjoying art. It's never didactic or politicised, and let's be thankful for that: instead, it simply leads by example, making every new topic it turns its camera to seem fascinating and complex and tremendously exciting, whether it's as revelatory as watching a restorer strip away a thick veneer of aged varnish right before our eyes, or as minute as watching a discussion of where to put the ropes in an exhibition space to correctly guide the viewer's eye and feet. Along the way, a host of interpretive models are forwarded, from the arch-democracy of "I think this one looks like she's texting!" of a centuries-old painting, to the heavily proscribed philosophy that we can only really judge a painting if we see it in the exact room that it was designed for.

It's all the more fascinating because Wiseman simply presents it to us as a flow of ideas and moments and images that present fine art as both timeless and very current, abstractions of light, shape, and mood that are also physical objects which react to the ravages of time and the specifics of their environment in any number of ways. National Gallery finds angles to view these paintings and their presentation as a ongoing process, a job, and an end result, and in all these modes argues silently but persuasively that paying any kind of attention to our combined cultural legacy is the most important thing, not getting it "right" or being sufficiently respectful and stuffy about it. It is, simply, a great film about what art is, with the justified pride to include itself under that umbrella. As it should, for this is easily one of the best films of 2014.

9/10

Thứ Tư, 26 tháng 11, 2014

MOVIES I MISSED IN 2014: 35 SHOTS OF RUMSFELD

It's stretching a point to call The Unknown Known a "sequel" to The Fog of War, but they make for a hell of a double feature. At a sufficient remove, the films are all but identical: Errol Morris, one of the great pop-journalist documentarians of the modern world, interviews a controversial U.S. Secretary of Defense, allowing him to narrate the story of his life and career, and especially giving him room to explore the ramifications of the notorious war that flowered under his care; all driven by a repetitive, propulsive score (Philip Glass then, Danny Elfman now, with a sort of Elfman/Glass hybrid that's by light-years the most interesting thing he's composed in at least a decade). And if that was that, it would still make for a remarkable and greatly useful project: honestly, if Morris wanted to flesh out his "Portraits of the Defense Secretaries" series with all the rest of them, even the ones who didn't help plunge the United States into military quagmires, I'd be there for each and every one of them.

But here's what matters most: The Unknown Known isn't simply The Fog of War with Donald Rumsfeld subbed in for Robert McNamara. Taken as a pair, the films represent two wildly divergent ways of thinking about the past: McNamara is reflective and anxious for absolution, while Rumsfeld is patiently icy, expressing nothing that betrays a hint of curiosity or introspection about his tenure as George W. Bush's Secretary of Defense during the plagued early years of the Iraq War. Like the earlier film, it's a character study and political history rolled into one, but it might honestly be even more fascinating as cinema: for Rumsfeld proves to be a complicated, slippery subject, and the film frequently turns into a form of verbal fencing between him and the unseen but often-heard Morris, with the director constantly trying to find some new angle with which to attack the ex-secretary's one-sided storytelling, only to have Rumsfeld easily turn Morris aside with a rhetorical flourish that turns their conversation into a meditation on what words actually mean, all without ever loosening his toothy, disarming smile even slightly.

The Unknown Known delights in exploring sophistry and fine distinctions of language that Rumsfeld frequently seems to be making up on the spot (in fact, the famed quote that gives the film its title comes under the scrutiny of the subject itself: he claims that "unknown knowns" refers to one thing, at which Morris gently points out that Rumsfeld's original memo claims the exact opposite, at which point Rumsfeld furrows his brow, re-reads his original wording, and airily concludes that the memo was wrong, as idly as one might choose between two barely distinguishably shades of white paint). In the one flashy stylistic gesture that Morris ever makes, he occasionally throws up the dictionary definition of some key word Rumsfeld says onscreen, as Rumsfeld continues to talk, a kinetic and purposefully distracting way of pointing out that a) words have set meanings; b) those set meanings don't matter if you can talk fast enough to outpace them.

All this dancing with language clearly frustrates Morris, who has never been so audible, nor audibly annoyed, in any of his movies; no Fog of War is this, where the subject allows himself to be analysed, nor Mr. Death, where the subject doesn't realise that he is spilling his guts. Rumsfeld is guarded and artificial, refusing to speak one syllable that he hasn't vetted in his head. He does one thing, in fact, that I can't remember ever having seen in a documentary: when Morris holds before moving on, leaving a long conspicuous silence, Rumsfeld doesn't fill it. That's a rudimentary interview trick: let the subject fill an uncomfortable pause with an expansion or clarification or contradiction of what they just said. Morris waits, and Rumsfeld just gazes pleasantly at him - at us, since the film has been shot in the way of all recent Morris documentaries, where the subject appears to be looking the viewer in the face - and refuses to even twitch a muscle in his mouth. And Rumsfeld, one of the great politicians of the modern age at using journalists' tricks against them, clearly knows that's what he's doing: even without his expression changing, you can see his eyes smile.

What we get, therefore, is not a film about the Iraq War and how it was sold, nor a film about what the ramifications of the war have been in the intervening decade. And this has irritated some viewers, expecting any kind of historical accounting - even Morris tries when he can to put an editorial spin on things, most prominently when Rumsfeld is speaking about how "they" - meaning the Iraqi government - refused to take any steps to avoid war, while the director holds on a fish-eye panorama of Washington, D.C., clearly hoping to ironically make us think of the other "they" who didn't try very hard to avoid conflict. But's that simply not what The Unknown Known is about, and Morris does clearly realise this, by the way he structures most of the movie around word choice and language usage. It's a film about how powerful men represent themselves to the world and to history, selecting which facts to acknowledge and defining concepts in whatever way best suits their purposes. Morris is clearly no fan of Rumsfeld or his politics - a fact that informs the film's surprisingly funny last beat - but The Unknown Known doesn't fashion itself as a liberal message movie, nor as specifically anti-Rumsfeld.

Instead, the perspective adopted here seems to be not one of judgment, but observation: this is the way the mind of this man works, and it is why he was able to perform the actions he did that had the enormous international repercussions that we still live with. But that's not the film's focus: it has a timelessness that goes far beyond its failures to trick Donald Rumsfeld into acknowledging remorse. Indeed, the fact that Morris's subject was so perfect at obfuscating and stonewalling is what makes The Unknown Known far more interesting than just a mere contemporary issues documentary. It is about the nature of politics and power and how they are secured by wit and control, and as such it has a sick fascination that's not quite like any other documentary I have ever seen.

8/10

Thứ Bảy, 22 tháng 11, 2014

MOVIES I MISSED IN 2014: THE LAST DANCE

The biographical documentary Afternoon of a Faun: Tanaquil Le Clercq looks like a TV episode and has the generic structure of a TV episode, and what do you know? That's because it is an episode of the PBS documentary series American Masters, given some extra breathing room and a tiny theatrical release. So it feels a little bit unsporting to sink too much energy into talking shit about its aesthetic and structure, even though those elements are extraordinary problems with the film - crippling problems, even, as it goes deeper into its running time and further along in history.

Tanaquil Le Clercq (pronounced "luh clair"), for those who don't know - and that describes most of us, I am sure, which is exactly the blind spot the film is designed to redress - was one of the most important American ballet dancers of the 20th Century, a muse of the great choreographers George Ballanchine and Jerome Robbins, the former of whom she married, the latter of whom she held at arm's distance all her life. If we take the testimonials given by her various friends in the film at face value (and why not? PBS isn't noted for its sensationalised content), her elongated, rail-thin frame established a new paradigm in the body types and physical movements that dance would favor in the future, and this was the great legacy of her career, stopped short when she contracted polio at age 26.

Afternoon of a Faun, named for a re-conceived Nijinsky ballet set to Debussy that Balanchine built around Le Clercq, tells its subject's life story in an extremely dry fashion, with personal remembrances delivered by people who knew and worked with her, arranged by director Nancy Buirski in straightforward, chronological order. Interrupting these stories are excerpts from Le Clercq and Robbins's letters, read by Marianne Bower and Michael Stuhlbarg, and this gives the movie a bit of deeper personality and texture than just hearing people relate the life story of their friend as, well, a history. Afternoon of a Faun is long on information, but low on insight: it does not succeed much at all in letting us get inside Le Clercq's head, since virtually all of its knowledge is provided by people who did not always quite see all the way inside the Le Clercq/Ballanchine marriage, apparently as difficult as any domestic situation involving two artists, one of them a man with a long history of short marriages, could manage to be. And since, following her illness, Le Clercq pulled away from the society of other humans for a great many years, leaving nobody that Buirski had access to with any real ability to speak to the crises faced by the dancer at that point in her life.

The documentary that results is lopsided and a bit frustrating, telling a story of a woman who had polio kind of happen at her rather than dig into what that illness meant. Perhaps there was no way around this, but the film's commitment to its basic, off-the-shelf talking heads construction certainly wouldn't yield any possibilities. Probably by design, Buirski has assembled a lecture, with all the facts laid out in neat, indisputable order, but not much of an emotional appeal, no matter how much the people who knew and obviously loved Tanny (as she is universally referred to by her intimates) express their affection in sweetly unguarded moments. And the carefully-researched feeling ends up spending so much time on context that for long stretches it feels more like the story of George Balanchine and his amazing successes with the lanky genius dancer he married that one time.

What picks the film up, and gives it some real cinematic appeal beyond the inherent interest of learning the basic facts of an artist whose skill and impact outweigh her limited name recognition, is the vintage material Buirski has assembled, whether in the form of an audio interview Le Clercq gave late in her life, reflecting with the wise detachment of an elegant, guarded lady of the upper class, or - much better still - in the footage of Balanchine's dances and Le Clercq especially from across her whole career. The chronological structure of the film means that almost all of this is frontloaded, and dries up right around the same time that the film starts to go slack and shallow in its treatment of her experiences. But while it's there, it elevates Afternoon of a Faun into the stratosphere. For there is a great deal of it, and it is cunningly woven in with the verbal reminiscences, and it reveals a dancer who is every bit the magnetic alien described by her eulogists. Without needing one scrap of historical context, Afternoon of a Faun makes all the argument it needs to for Le Clercq's brilliance simply through showing us Le Clercq in motion, for long, minimally-edited vintage sequences that have been gathering dust for God knows how long. The film would be valuable for collecting this footage and presenting it in a clear, well-organised way even if its lapses as documentary cinema and storytelling device were far more serious than they are.

There's nothing at all going on in the film that makes it recommend itself to anyone who isn't already mostly in the bag for this kind of thing: it assumes you already care about ballet, for one thing, and have a vested interest in learning about the politics and personal dramas of midcentury dance professionals. It assumes a PBS audience, in other words, and the limitations forced upon it by its inception are never questioned, let alone stretched. But for such a rudimentary, paint-by-numbers technique, Le Clercq does make for a good subject, and while Afternoon of a Faun isn't very much fun on any level, its content is interesting, and the woman at its center clearly worthy of greater attention. Given that providing that attention with minimal possible editorial distraction is all this film ever apparently wanted to do, it has to count as a success.

6/10

Thứ Năm, 20 tháng 11, 2014

MOVIES I MISSED IN 2014: DUNE AND DUSTED

The facts of the history related by Jodorowsky's Dune are thus: in 1975, Chilean director Alejandro Jodorowsky, having made in quick succession the films El topo and The Holy Mountain, had become a massive celebrity among the art film set, virtually inventing the concept of the midnight movie. He was in a position that few directors reach, and virtually none with such radical artistic amibitions, which is that he had a blank check to do whatever he wanted. And, largely on the spur of the moment, he wanted to make a film of Frank Herbert's massive, indescribably important science fiction novel Dune.

Over the next couple of years, Jodorowsky assembled a dream team of designers, including French graphic artist Moebius, American effects designer and filmmaker-of-all-trades Dan O'Bannon, and British illustrator Chris Foss, and proceeded to build his universe. And what a universe it was! Jodorowsky's Dune was ambitious beyond the scope that filmmaking in the mid-'70s was even slightly capable of, an hours-long epic experience full of effects work that's frankly impossible to imagine carrying off without recourse to animation and computers. No studio was even a little tempted to take on such an expensive proposition whose full-throated commitment to avante-garde spirituality made it a guaranteed money loser, and so the film died, while Star Wars came along and re-shaped science fiction filmmaking its own image. But even in death, Dune begat marvels: its massive book of concept art has influenced decades of subsequent films, either implicitly or directly. For one thing, O'Bannon would not have written Alien without Jodorowsky's Dune, nor would H.R. Giger (who had never worked in film before Jodorowsky lassoed him) have designed its titular beast. And that alone would change the fantasy and sci-fi landscape in a great many ways.

So that, anyway, is what happened. Jodorowsky's Dune is about two things: one, it tells that story, at length and with an easy, stretched-out attitude. Two, it tries to communicate, in some small way, what that film might possibly have looked like, throwing concept art at the camera every so often and animating it to suggest, in the broadest sense, the scale and visual splendor of the film that wasn't. All of which is interesting enough, but only really to sci-fi buffs and film historians, and director Frank Pavich isn't a very flexible or imaginative documentary maker. Jodorowsky's Dune has the aesthetic of a TV episode, intercutting wave after wave of talking heads with not nearly as much visualisation of Jodorowsky's dream project as one could easily hope for, since what we see of the film looks absolutely jaw-dropping.

In short, Jodorowsky's Dune could easily be written off as slack, workaday filmmaking, more of a DVD special feature than a standalone motion picture, except for one thing: it has, in Alejandro Jodorowsky himself, an amazing, one-of-a-kind storyteller, whose enthusiasm for the film he didn't get to make is electrifying and magnetic, even after almost 40 years. The 84-year-old director (who came out of retirement as a result of his involvement with this documentary, making The Dance of Reality in 2013) positively glows with enthusiasm and passion as he describes the philosophy and spirituality behind his filmmaking career, and the consciousness-changing experience he wanted his Dune to be; as he talks about his experience finding Moebius and Giger, he feels like a genuine art enthusiast proudly sharing his interests and insights. He even feels smugly, relatably human when he talks about his shameful joy at finding out that David Lynch's film of Dune from 1984, produced by Dino De Laurentiis, was a dismal, incoherent misfire. Hearing Jodorowsky relate his life and tell the story and themes of his Dune is an absolute privilege; it's like finding yourself seated at a long dinner next to the most animated raconteur you will ever meet, and as much pleasure as Jodorowsky's Dune offers in showcasing the images of the failed film, the pleasure in getting to listen to Jodorowsky and watch his amiable, excited face is far, far greater.

The net experience, then, is a good one, though there are some pretty rough spots throughout - in addition to his lack of formal imagination, Pavich has some questionable instincts. The most dubious misstep is the choice of interview subjects: director Nicolas Winding Refn makes at least a kind of sense, as he was given a tour of the Dune concept art book by Jodorowsky himself, and has solid insights as a result, even when he starts to wax rhapsodic about the transformative possibilities of this movie and the fear in Hollywood that shut it down (the fear of losing a shitpile of money, yes; the fear of transgressive art, probably less so), suggesting a bit more fannish enthusiasm than critical awareness. Showing even less critical awareness: film critics Devin Faraci and Drew McWeeny, a rather odd pair of experts to rely on, whose ability to form links where they don't belong (e.g. "this somewhat unexceptional shot set-up could only mean that this director saw the Dune material and copied it!") doesn't always come close to passing the smell test. Pavich waves through their theories without hesitation; he's clearly smitten with his material as well, and doesn't appear to suppose that anybody on any side of the camera could do with a little bit of cold objectivity.

This doesn't make Jodorowsky's Dune any less enjoyable, but it does make it less informative, or at least makes it feel less trustworthy, which amounts to the same thing. It's a boosterish film, a documentary only because it reveals a history (and a worthwhile history at that), but certainly not because it has a strong journalistic spine. It's a skillful sales pitch for a film that cannot exist, and which gives considerable joy to those involved to remember as the best work they almost did; their enthusiasm is contagious, but there's still a kind of shallowness built into the project. While Jodorowsky's Dune does a fine job of suggesting that Jodorowsky's Dune would have been marvelous, and possibly even the great work of spiritual philosophy the director wanted, but it never quite admits that maybe the thinking about it was the best part of all, and the execution might not have been up to the inspiration. Still, the inspiration is pretty damn inspiring for all that, and Jodorowsky is such a blast that it's easy to want to be on his side. Sometimes, hearing a yarn spun with energy and commitment is more important than all the big budgets and enormous scope in the world.

7/10

Thứ Hai, 17 tháng 11, 2014

MOVIES I MISSED IN 2014: JAMES FRANCO'S HOME MOVIES

To hear directors James Franco and Travis Matthews tell it - and oh, how much you get to hear Franco tell it, over and over, across the movie's achingly long 60 minutes - the purpose of Interior. Leather Bar. is to interrogate the comfort level of the viewer and performer alike surrounding explicit gay sex in cinema, in art, and in real life. But around the five minute mark, the film shares its actual purpose, in the foggy phrasing of actor Val Lauren, the anchor of Franco's experiment:
"I don't personally like this project, personally. It doesn't, I don't, nothing artistic in it, right now. Maybe it's 'cause of my lack of understanding of what it is, doesn't respond to it. What I do respond to, and always have is his mission [points to Franco]. I like James's mission, I don't always understand it, but I like it. I like it. I like what he's doing, even when I don't understand it, and I'm into supporting it and being a part of it."
Let's summarise, to clean up the talky, inarticulate stumbling over language, which is itself a key part of Interior. Leather Bar.'s aesthetic: "this idea is dumb, confusing, and underthought, but if James Franco wants to do it, then let's go ahead and do it".

Interior. Leather Bar. is a categorically difficult little beastie, taking the form of a documentary but obviously scripted, and yet the thing it purports to document is actually being documented, though not depicted. Let me start over again. Interior. Leather Bar. finds Franco and Matthews deciding to re-imagine 40 minutes of gay sex supposedly cut from William Friedkin's 1980 thriller Cruising (about five seconds of practical thought makes it pretty obvious that no such footage could imaginably have been shot, if for no other reason than the implausibility of Cruising having been conceived as a film that was two-fifths gay sex; it's not clear if Franco and Matthews, at any level of fictional or nonfictional remove, indulged in that five seconds). In the role of the character originally played by Al Pacino, they cast one of Franco's current favorite meat puppets in his weird art projects, Val Lauren. The film consists of Franco enthusiastically talking about how boldly his project is confronting reflexive heternormative values and representations, while Lauren wonders if it's a violation of ethics, taste, or his personal sexual comfort levels for him to watch as other people have sex in front of a camera.

The film doesn't try very hard to keep up the pretense that it has anything to do with Cruising, a dull potboiler whose latter-day recovery by a certain strain of queer theorists hasn't managed to address the fact that even if it has some interesting representations, it's still pretty crummy at basic thriller mechanics. From the evidence of how they frame (and frame, and frame) their arguments, their images, and their performances, it's entirely possible that neither Franco nor Matthews hasn't even seen Cruising. Instead, it is a platform to allow Franco, playing a modulated, scripted version of himself (Matthews is the film's credited writer), to launch into a series of painful exploratory discussions about what this whole experiment means in the grander scheme of society, and how daring he is for asking these intensely bold questions about what we are and are not comfortable with, and why. Questions that are mind-numbingly juvenile, and cannot possibly come across as new or probing to any of the very self-selecting audience for an experimental psuedo-documentary full of explicit man-on-man blowjobs.

Mostly, Interior. Leather Bar. is massively fascinated with and impressed by James Franco, self-challenging heterosexual visionary whose desire to break down the limitations of labeling and normalising things results in this film about filming the making of a film based on another film. It is possible, and indeed pleasurable, to imagine a version of this film as filtered through the mind of Christopher Guest, where the mingling of documentary and mockumentary would serve to poke fun at the rambling pretension of the actor/scholar/director/author who surrounds himself with people too cowed by his power over all of them (just several weeks after this film's debut at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival, Franco appeared as the lead in Disney's ungainly Oz the Great and Powerful, a fact observed here multiple times) to call him on his aimless verbal splattering, too directionless to work even as provocation. Even Lauren's film-long reiterations of his feeling that the film is a bad idea that makes no sense and makes him feel uncomfortable as an actor is constantly framed in terms of his admiration for Franco, and his conviction that it must be in the service of some greater social purpose, or it wouldn't be happening.

At times, almost exclusively in the second half (when the action moves to the film set, and away from Franco's head), there are flashes of the film that Interior. Leather Bar. could have been in the hands of someone with a stronger head for filmmaking, queer theory, or both, than this film evinces (Matthews is an award-winning director of documentary films about the gay male experience, so I am compelled to assume and hope that he's capable of more thoughtful filmmaking than the mish-mash on display here). The best sequence, by far, starts with the recreated footage of two men engaged in oral sex, with pulsing lights and music, cutting suddenly and harshly to the filmmakers shooting their act from multiple cameras, a stark and dare I say it, witty depiction of the distinctly anti-sexy ways in which onscreen sex is filmed, a matter of angles and lighting and choreography. It's a moment that feels like it actually has something to say, and keen insights into its subject matter; other moments like this are peppered in the last half-hour, though it is a chore to find them.

Having something to say, though, is not typically high on the film's agenda. Having something to ask is, but the film so joylessly over-enunciates all of its questions in bluntly literal ways that it leaves the viewer with nothing to engage with, no work to do ourselves. The film could just as easily function as a series of tweets, and even then, it would tend to reveal more about the author's lack of experience with social issues that have been debated well into the past, and on more interesting, sophisticated battlegrounds than Interior. Leather Bar.. Franco, or "Franco", at several points confesses that he's making this project mostly to see whatever happens: that approach can yield surprising, unmediated insights, but as this film proves, it's far likelier for it to end in frivolous tedium.

4/10

Thứ Hai, 20 tháng 10, 2014

CHICAGO INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL '14: THE LOOK OF SILENCE (JOSHUA OPPENHEIMER, DENMARK / INDONESIA / NORWAY / FINLAND / UK)

Screens at CIFF: 10/18 & 10/20
World premiere: 28 August, 2014, Venice International Film Festival

The Look of Silence is unmistakably a great film, though it is not a singular one. For one thing, it isn't an object totally complete unto itself, like director Joshua Oppenheimer's previous work, The Act of Killing: it is a sequel to that film, or perhaps we might call it a follow-up, a companion piece, or an addendum (yes, addendum, I think that's the one I like the best), and it's absolutely aware of that fact. In The Act of Killing, Oppenheimer and the camera were able to vanish, recording the men whose testimonies and self-directed re-enactments made up the film from an invisible vantage point, and this was key to what the thing was: a chance for unrepentant murderers - why should they repent, their government and countrymen regard them as heroes for their role in the mass killings of over one million people in Indonesia in 1965, on the grounds that they were (or were accused of being) Communists - to comfortably and freely indict themselves on the full, limitless horror of what they did, expressed with braggadocio and zeal. But with The Look of Silence, Oppenheimer can't disappear; here is a film in which the subjects are aware of the first movie, and one of the key repeated images used to anchor the progression of the story is the sight of one man, Adi, watching footage of the men responsible for killing his elder brother Ramli, before he was ever born. Far from standing as a blank slate to receive their self-aggrandising, self-damning narratives, the old killers in this film have begun to figure out that the European with the camera isn't actually on their side: many interviews start to crumble with someone's agitated declaration that they're not interested in talking about this with "Josh" anymore.

It's also certainly true that The Look of Silence is more conventional in its goals and its construction, the almost inevitable side-effect of its re-focused attention. The Act of Killing was a film about the minds of people who had committed violence on an enormous scale, and it is appropriately florid and grotesque. The Look of Silence is instead about one single family of victims, and it is necessarily more subdued and intimate: it is not, after all, being filtered through the imagination of madmen. It has no chance to be as expressive and unprecedented. That's certainly no slight against the film, for it is still extraordinarily powerful and potent; maybe even more so, given that it can engage with sorrow and loss more directly. Certainly, I haven't seen a film in 2014 that left me feeling so hollowed-out and anguished - I mean, how many films are there that actually leave you feeling anguished? - and it seems unlikely that this shall not remain the case.

The concept is straightforward and feels distinctly like something executive producer Werner Herzog might do in one of his own films: in 2012, Oppenheimer showed Adi, a 44-year-old ophthalmologist, footage that was shot in 2003, of the people who perpetrated the Snake River massacre, an event at which Ramli was killed in a distinctive and disturbing manner even by the standards of the 1965 mass killings, which were marked perhaps especially by the prevalence of excessively cruel and brutal violence. And then, Oppenheimer took Adi to interview those same men, in the hopes of finding some spark of regret or guilt or just apology from these people (the possibly belabored "the eye doctor hopes to make these people 'see' the effects of their actions" metaphor is thankfully only trotted out once).

What results from all this is harrowing, soul-aching footage. What emerges is less the sense of killers realising that they need to atone for their crimes than killers being confronted, in no small amount of confusion, with the idea that decent people might actually think they did something horrible. What happens, time and time again (and even described in words close to this), is the ripping off of ancient scabs, leaving history raw and fresh and oozing. Indonesia, we find, is not a country that has taken ownership of its sins of made peace with them, but simply stuffed them down at the bottom of the drawer to fester, and in The Look of Silence, we see what happens when that is questioned, and when one person forces another person to reckon with the past.

It is ugly and painful, of course. The film contains an exceptional number of scenes that aren't just depressing, but are acutely uncomfortable to watch on top of it. One woman sitting next to her doddering father for what she plainly expects to be just a game of "let's reminisce" is shattered to learn that he, like many of the killers, drank the blood of his victims to stave off feelings of insanity from the knowledge of his actions (and really, isn't "if we don't drink this human blood, we might go crazy!" just the most perfectly horrifying window into how the minds of these killers?). In something like real-time, we get to watch as she begins reconstructing her worldview to decide that this information is something to be rejected or diminished. And that's not nearly the most cringe-inducing moment in a film where Adi learns that his mother's brother was involved in the system of killings, thinking himself free from guilt since he didn't, personally, take any lives; or a meeting with the family of a man who died sometime after Oppenheimer's 2003 interviews, furiously and passionately and repeatedly trying to deny that the things the director has immediate, firsthand proof of being true could possibly have ever happened.

None of this is, as such, "surprising". While The Act of Killing was a peek in to the minds of the insane, The Look of Silence is about the sane, and it's easier for us to follow along, and suppose, "well yes, that is how I would expect that person to feel about what's going on right now". But simply the lack of being revelatory isn't sufficient to cheapen what The Look of Silence is or what it does. It's no less powerful or important than the first film, using the particular case of one man's death in one period of chaos as a prism through which we can view and ponder the whole business of humans being cruel to other humans and not repenting, and yet never losing sight of the very specific true story being recorded for future historians. The film's consistent rerun to Adi and Ramli's parents, centenarians whose lifetime of suffering is worn visibly on their body (and here, my one big caveat: Adi's 109-year-old father is both mostly blind and mostly deaf, and just on the film's own terms, it's not clear that he could have given his informed consent to be involved in a film that obsessively shows him to be a desiccated man-skeleton being washed and tended for by his patient, loving family), is its best tool in making sure that, whatever universal meaning is easily plucked from the film, we never get to separate it from the specific history that has been almost totally scrubbed from history. Oppenheimer's project - which is probably done now, as he's indicated in interviews that he doesn't think it will be safe for him to return to Indonesia moving forward - is as important historically as cinematically, and if The Look of Silence feels like it needs that justification just a slight touch more than The Act of Killing, the fact remains that we now, in 2014, have a grand total of two important films about the Indonesia mass killings, and it would be irresponsible to pretend that their historical importance isn't a significant part of their legacy. It's wonderful indeed that they are both so powerful, intelligent, and beautifully made on top of it: this is painful and devastating stuff to watch, but so emphatically and movingly human that it's not possible to regret the experience

10/10

Thứ Tư, 23 tháng 7, 2014

LIFE IS BEAUTIFUL

To get the grubby part out of the way first: Life Itself is a somewhat banal piece of documentary craftsmanship. A lot of talking heads, e-mails represented by onscreen text, old clips. It's something we've all see a billion times, and it is frankly disappointing that Steve James, the man who made the expansive epic of African-American teenage life Hoop Dreams and the exemplary social commentary boots-on-the-ground vérité piece The Interrupters would make something so gosh-darned safe, aesthetically speaking.

Now that's the nitpicky part, whereas the important part is that Life Itself doesn't really have any cause to be aesthetically complex or outrageously creative. It is a tribute to an individual man, as fully fleshed-out as any one depiction of any one human being might need to be. That man being Roger Ebert, the film critic for the Chicago Sun-Times and co-host of a succession of "dueling critics" TV shows with Gene Siskel over the course of more than two decades, and the inspiration for more current professional and amateur movie critics than anyone else who has ever lived. And of course, because movie reviews are written by movie reviewers, that makes it kind of hard for any of us - the present author happily discloses himself as having been intoxicated by Ebert's writing ability and obvious, overriding love of the art-form, long before I ever even dreamed of doing it myself - to take a genuinely objective view on what James has given us. It is a love letter that's incredibly difficult for most cinephiles to disagree with, and a deeply sweet, affecting balm on what remains, for a lot of people, a still-raw wound all this time after Ebert's death in April, 2013.

But a lack of objectivity is kind of the point of the thing. This is not about Steve James studying a famous man, but eulogising a person to whom he owed much (Siskel & Ebert basically created his career with their effusive love for Hoop Dreams), a friend he came to know well during the last few months of the critic's life, as he worked with James on creating the film that he eventually realised he wouldn't be alive to see completed. James's Ebert is personally warm, quick-witted even when his quips have to be translated through the electronic voice program Ebert relied in his last years, and a clear enthusiast for movies and for living. It's a view largely reflected by the wide range of interview subjects from his closest friends to other critics, not all of whom have had terribly kind things to say about Ebert's contributions to cinema studies. And even his friends are disinterested in whitewashing Ebert's crazed past, his peccadilloes, his occasional selfishness, and his irritable relationship with best frenemy Siskel, a professional rivalry that had some real nasty flickers on the edges, to judge from what we see (James includes footage of the two men bitching each other out while filming promos for their show; if Life Itself served absolutely no other function besides putting that footage out in the world, it would be worth every penny).

The small genius of Life Itself is that it is a film about a generous and open soul that is itself generous and open; eager to embrace Ebert for his fullness and messiness as a critic and a person, and thus reflecting the version of the man it depicts. It's structured to largely take place in the last months of Ebert's life, looking backwards to tell his story but always returning to the hospital where Ebert went through one health crisis after another with the support of his wife Chaz. The contrast between Ebert's late physical impairment and the ebullience of his younger days is striking, but James doesn't use it to beg for sympathy on his subject's behalf; instead, it's a way of throwing into sharp relief how Ebert had only deepened in his appreciation for living even as life became a chain of disgusting, obviously uncomfortable medical procedures and an increasingly circumscribed ability to move. There is never a moment when he complains, or bemoans his fate; the overall impression is of a man greatly at peace with his impending death, and anxious to find the pleasure and beauty in every day he had left.

It sounds trite in its uplifting, inspiring sentiment, but so fully based in the very specific details of who Ebert was and how he thought that it never even once comes over as a bit of pandering "let the cripple show us the way!" exploitation. Mostly, it's getting to learn a great deal about one person, and finding out that he was sensitive, prickly, loving, egocentric, and above all things an infectious communicator of ideas. Inasmuch as it's a hagiography - and I suppose it's awfully hard to claim otherwise - it's a hagiography of Ebert the person that James studied and observed, not a hagiography of Ebert the movie critic.

Of course it has its decent share of flaws, including some fuzzy generalisations about the non-Ebert state of criticism (Pauline Kael, by no means a favorite of mine, deserves better than she gets), and while I understand James's decision to have voice actor Stephen Stanton read excerpts from Ebert's blog and memoirs in an almost-but-not-quite perfect impression of the critic, it never quite managed to stop feeling ghoulish, for my tastes. And it is a pretty straightforward biopic-documentary; immensely likable but always more impressive on the level of content than craft - though that content, including surprisingly personable chats with directors legendary (Martin Scorsese) and obscure (Ava DuVernay), and the always delightful archival footage of Ebert getting into hissing matches with Siskel, is absolutely terrific stuff.

Anyway, James isn't trying to be clever or cunning, but simply to be honest; and he is wonderfully honest indeed. It is a warm film but too intimate not to include some uncomfortable moments, gross truths about the human body, and the occasional moment of bleak sorrow. And it fully lives up to the demand that the subject made in an e-mail to his last chronicler, in explaining why he wanted James to push on through the nastiness even though Chaz would object:
It would be a major lapse to have a documentary that doesn't contain the full reality.

I wouldn't want to be associated. This is not only your film.

Cheers,
R
8/10

Thứ Bảy, 8 tháng 3, 2014

STANLEY KUBRICK: A SHORT LOOK AT A YOUNG DOCUMENTARIAN

Director, producer, writer, micro-manager of cinematographers and editors - Stanley Kubrick was one of the most auteur theory friendly of all auteurs, for more than virtually any other filmmaker in history, he was fully and emphatically in control of every visual and sonic element in nearly all of his mature film work. I highly doubt that I'm alone in having come to many of my tastes and ideas about what cinema can and should be based on a young enthusiasm for Kubrick's filmography above all directors, and for that reason I am pleased to commemorate the 15th anniversary of his death on 7 March, 1999, by revisiting his career from the days when he was a hotshot kid with a keen photographic eye, all the way up to the end when he was one of the great mythic figure of world cinema. We start with the three short documentaries Kubrick made in his early 20s, when he was still just a photographer for Look magazine, and felt that the only place to continue developing his visual art was to move into the world of moving pictures.

The first and easily the best of these, from 1951, was Day of the Fight, a cinematic expansion of a photospread Kubrick shot in 1949 for Look, concerning small fry boxer Walter Cartier. It's all there in the title: the film wakes up with Cartier and his twin brother Vincent on the morning of the latest in a long line of make-it or break-it bouts that Cartier hoped would boost him to a title fight. Kubrick followed the brothers around New York, as Walter first tried to keep himself distracted and then tried to get himself revved up for a fight that would mean little if he won and could mean the end of his career if he lost.

Irrespective of quality, the thing that comes through loudest and clearest about Day of the Fight is that the young man who put it together worked for a general-interest photojournalism magazine. But also that he was damn good at his job. The images in Day of the Fight are almost without fail beautiful and shot with an innate instinct for composition and graphic quality; I think it's not claiming anything for the 22-year-old Kubrick that wasn't entirely true to suggest that there are a few shots which clearly suggest, if not the exact career he'd ultimately have, then anyway that he would have some future in finding ways to put striking imagery in front of viewers. The kid, as they say, 'sgot talent.

That there is a flipside comes, I hope, as no surprise, and it's that at this point, Kubrick had a still photographer's eye. A good one. Look at that fucking boxing ring. But Day of the Fight feels for every second of its duration like a series of photos linked by explanatory captions, and it's more a matter of accident that the photos move and the captions, written by Robert Rein, are spoken instead of read, by the hilariously straitlaced Douglas Edwards. I hope it's not just snarky 21st Century provincialism that leads me to believe a line like "Meat is vital to Walter. It gives him the raw energy need for fighting" is gloriously ridiculous in both conception and certainly in execution.

The point being that while Day of the Fight shows up Kubrick's visual sensibility to magnificent effect and proves him an able entrepreneur (it was self-financed for $3900 and sold to RKO for $4000) and ambitious kid, it's not really all that informative. It clips along, gets us invested in Walter's struggle, and shows off mid-century New York to good effect, but it's not the case that we'd be inclined to regard the film as a documentary classic if the director hadn't gone on to make some of the key films of the 20th Century. That said, it's a promising and ridiculously self-assured start.

* * * * *

On the other hand, we could force ourselves to deal with something like Flying Padre, in comparison with which Day of the Fight looks like the work of an unprecedented precocious genius. It's the result of an assignment RKO tossed Kubrick's way to see if the independent boxing documentary was proof that they had a decent talent on their hands; it was a profile piece for their RKO-Pathe Screenliner newsreel series. Specifically, a profile of Father Fred Stadtmuller, a New Mexico priest whose parishioners were frequently found in remote geographic locations,and could only reap the benefits of the priest's ministrations if he traveled to them himself, on his little prop plane Spirit of St. Joseph.

Years later, a bona-fide master filmmaker Kubrick would deride the short as "silly", which isn't entirely fair. Really, it's just trivial, and it does to remember that this was after all a frothy human interest story to be quickly digested for a dose of immediate uplift, and just as quickly forgotten. It is the exact 1951 equivalent to the local TV news doing a segment on a beauty shop owner who set up a ski-ball arcade in the back room so kids can keep themselves entertained while Mom is getting her hair done. It's easy to see why the director of 2001: A Space Odyssey would prefer not to dwell on its existence, but a 23-year-old kid looking to prove that he was a safe investment needn't make any such apologies.

That being said, if Day of the Fight is a surprisingly accomplished and engaging little film that we only really care about because its director grew up to be famous, Flying Padre cuts out the first half of that equation: the reason to watch it is morbid curiosity as to Kubrick's ephemera. There are a couple decently creative shots - a weirdly wide-angle lens of a little girl's face is patently Kubrick - but I'm not being idle in comparing it to a TV news piece. It is generic as hell, with a madly peppy script that finds nothing interesting to say about Father Fred beyond the fact that he exists. And without even crossing the nine-minute mark, the film still feels dubiously padded by a ginned-up "plot" involving a trip to take a baby to the doctor. A good example of the padre's mission in action, I guess, but I'd rather have gotten even the vaguest inkling of who this man is, instead of just seeing a bunch of shots of him flying a plane intercut with shots of a baby. Short enough to justify itself as a curiosity watch, but don't anticipate the germ of a great or even moderately entertaining film artist.

* * * * *

And now we skip ahead: the young Kubrick's first film in color (and the last for several more years), 1953's The Seafarers, is in fact his fourth; it followed the arduous and marriage-destroying shoot of his first feature, earlier that year, Fear and Desire. But as we're still firmly in the director's work-for-hire juvenalia phase, and since he made no more non-fiction films after The Seafarers, I see no reason not to discuss it now, especially since like Flying Padre, it offers very little meat. There is a right-to-left tracking shot inside a cafeteria that leaps off the screen as a clear example of fluid, stately camera movement as practiced by a man who clearly knew his Jean Renoir and his Max Ophuls, but filtered through the detached, God's-eye-view perspective that would become one of the director's most prominent stylistic traits. Other than that I can't think of a single visual moment that feels like more than competent day laborer work with some really fine lighting that tends to make the colors look a bit richer than they should, given what I'm sure was no kind of high budget.

There is a moment when when the camera glances through a gallery of amateur paintings, landing on one particularly garish portrait just at the moment that the narrator (CBS newsman Don Hollenbeck) rhapsodises about how the best of these could stand up to be displayed in any gallery, and perhaps this was a quiet bit of the unforced sarcastic humor that the future director Lolita and Dr. Strangelove would do so well. But I am perhaps giving the benefit of the doubt where it should not exist.

The Seafarers, at any rate, is functionally an infomercial for the Seafarer's International Union, with a focus on the services that the SIU provided (and for all I know still does, but these are leaner times for trade unions than the 1950s were) in its on-land union halls for off-duty commercial mariners. "We have restaurants, and game rooms" says Will Chasen's thoroughly flat and informative script (admittedly, in far less impersonal terms than I just put it), with economic details being more alluded to than spelled out. But I suppose for that matter, economics would be a bit outside the purview of a generically gung-ho advertisement like this.

With a 29-minute running time that makes it longer than Day of the Fight and Flying Padre combined, The Seafarers is definitely on the long side even for a historical curiosity, but I have to confess a certain gratitude to Kubrick for having taken the job anyway: this kind of random historical detritus makes for a fascinating sociological relic, a glimpse into living history of a kind that fiction films from the same time aren't able to do in the same way, but by virtue of having so little value other than sociology, it's not the kind of project that would ever present itself to casual viewing if it wasn't a make-work job for an otherwise important artist. Does The Seafarers tell me much of anything about Stanley Kubrick, film director? Only that he was trying to be a real pro and knew how to get a job done with just enough classy-looking visuals to avoid embarrassing himself. But it does tell me a little something or other about the 1950s that I didn't know (although nothing much at all about life as a mariner, since the target audience already knows about that life, and is here simply being sold a product), and at any rate, I am not ungrateful for that.

* * * * *

Day of the Fight can be seen on YouTube here. Flying Padre can be seen on YouTube here. The Seafarers can be seen on YouTube here, or on the 2012 Kino DVD and Blu-ray release of Fear and Desire.

Thứ Tư, 26 tháng 2, 2014

OSCAR-NOMINATED DOCUMENTARIES I MISSED IN 2013: LATE SPRING

There is much about The Square that is admirable, and I don't want to interrupt myself once I've gotten going on about it, so I want to get my single biggest negative comment out of the way first. This documentary is fantastic journalism, but pretty run-of-the-mill cinema. As so many are. There is a test I run on every single "issues" doc that I come across, which consists in its entirety of asking "Would I learn just as much in just as compelling a way if this was a book on the same subject?" In the case of The Square, that answer is a clear-cut "no", but it does introduce a brand new question: "Would I learn just as much if this was a blog that I read at least weekly?" Which is an a theoretical "yes", but since director Jehane Noujaim doesn't have a blog and I concede that I probably wouldn't read it very often if she did, it's sort of immaterial. The Square exists, and not just our contemporary selves but future historians looking for firsthand documents of the fascinating ongoing period known as the Arab Spring have every reason to be grateful that it does. This is some heady, rich stuff, embedded reportage of a particularly high order of accomplishment.

The film picks up in the winter of 2011, by which point Cairo's Tahrir Square had become the gathering place for a massive protest against Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. The Egyptian-born Noujaim and her camera arrived quickly to record as much of the activity of what was immediately recognisable as a history-making event as possible; what she could not have known any more than anybody was just how big this event would turn out to be. The revolution sparked by that protest took down not only Mubarak's regime but also, in evolved forms, the two governments (one military, one religious) that followed it, and by any reasonable definition, the events that Noujaim began recording three years ago are still quite ongoing. The nature of this project can be attested to by the fact that, after the film's premiere at the Sundance Film Festival in January, 2013, Noujaim continued filming and adding new material as Egypt continued to bubble and roil with unrest, presenting a new edit of the film at the Toronto International Film Festival the following September. I do not know if the TIFF cut of the film is the same as the one picked by Netflix to be the first feature film it would distributed theatrically and online; nor do I know which one was "officially" nominated for the Best Documentary Oscar. But that's for the bookkeepers. Much of what makes The Square essential, in fact, is that it's an organic process turned into cinema: a year from now, Noujaim could assemble an entirely new narrative by expanding the footage yet again, and I frankly hope that she does.

To give the overall movie shape - and perhaps this emerged only as a happy accident - Noujaim relies on three figures to be her guiding lights through the two and a half years that the film covers. One of these is Ahmed Hassan, a young democratic activist fighting out of stated humanist principles but mostly from the enthusiastic passion of youth; he seems drawn to the romantic ideal of a revolution as much as by its political possibilities, rather akin to a figure out of a '60s Godard movie. The second is Magdy Ashour, a devout Muslim and member of the controversial Muslim Brotherhood, the political/religious party that largely spearheaded the early stages of the revolution, but perhaps with an eye towards making Egypt an Islamic dictatorship, and not the beacon of Arabic democracy hoped for by other revolutionaries. The third is Khalid Abdalla, a Scotland-born actor with several English-language films to his credit who, The Square's version of things at least, became one of the main emissaries between the revolution and the Western media, owing undoubtedly to his rich facility with English and poise in front of a camera.

The film does not aim to be a psychological study, though Ahmed and Magdy especially serve as excellent conduits for Noujaim to explore the human side of the events being depicted. The gradual shift in Ahmed's perspective from sheer giddy enthusiasm to a somewhat bemused understanding that realpolitik must be considered gives the movie a shape and thematic thrust it might otherwise lack; meanwhile, the shocking change in his and Magdy's faces over the period covered, a fleet 104 minutes onscreen but 30 long months in reality, is all the argument Noujaim needs to make to show that despite the optimistic bromides of phrases like "people power" and "Arab Spring", the act of revolution is hard and wearying, with the pattern of so many hopes raised and dashed and raised again as one new strongman after another tried to remodel Egypt in his image carved onto the revolutionaries' increasingly rough faces.

Perhaps I need to roll back on my initial judgment, then: this is cinematic, for in an amongst all the talking heads and title cards, Noujaim has a fine knack for using visuals to tell us exactly what's going on: a helicopter shot of the third wave of protests, in which all of Cairo seems to be a scurrying anthill of activity with every available foot of pavement occupied by one of millions of protesters, is among the most dramatic single images relating political activity that I, for one, have ever seen. And the contrast between this and the frequent intimacy of scenes taking place in the corner of a room where passionate revolutionaries debate and shout and have their small panic attacks, not caring if the camera is there or not, presents a fine, all-encompassing portrait of how history is lived and made. The film is not analytical and it is not subtle in any way, but speaking strictly as a document - a record of events fully deserving of the recording - it is a wholly essential work of non-fiction.

8/10

Thứ Hai, 24 tháng 2, 2014

OSCAR-NOMINATED DOCUMENTARIES I MISSED IN 2013: PORTRAIT OF A MARRIAGE

Imagine, if you will, that one marriage you know that seems absolutely miserable and dysfunctional, the one that seems like it should have ended years ago, and nobody understands why it hasn't yet. And yet the participants are obviously committed to each with the ferocity of a rabid dog, making it clear by this point that if they haven't split up ten times over by now, they'll be together until the end of days. We all know that couple; and that couple is at the center of Cutie and the Boxer, a documentary about a fascinating and horrifying pair of human beings that feints at being a study of how artists live their lives. But really, it's not that at all; it is a very close and at times very uncomfortably intimate domestic drama that suggests, among other things, the terribly unstable mental place one must reach in order to want to be an artist in the first place.

The couple in question are Ushio and Noriko Shinohara. They met in the early 1970s, when Ushio was a struggling avant-garde artist who'd recently set himself up in New York; Noriko, an aspiring artist brand new to the United States, was quickly swept away by the authority and grandeur of the Real Artist in front of her, making representational sculptures from discarded objects and trash as a commentary on the artistic process itself. They fell in love, moved in together, and before a year had passed, Noriko was pregnant; and from that day till this, it seems from the film's evidence, there has been a bristling, rancorous division between them.

Director Zachary Heinzerling firmly associates himself with Noriko's perspective, not from any apparent motivation than that of an intuitive documentarian who knows where the story is coming from: Noriko, possessing clear artistic ambitions of her own, was rather quickly subordinated to the status of housekeeper, agent, manager, chef, and nanny, never getting an opportunity to express herself in the way she'd hoped for when she met up with Ushio in the first place. For his part, Ushio is a bit of a train-wreck all told: addicted to alcohol, incapable of handling money in any sensible way, prone to bold artistic gestures full of self-righteousness that would be somewhat dubiously admirable in an ambitious twentysomething, but are vaguely awful in a man of 80. But even though Noriko feels compressed and artistically silenced by a very lopsided marriage, she gives as good as she gets, sniping and pushing back with sometimes wicked candor.

The film is not about how the Shinoharas are miserable wretches. It is, in a rather more complex and interesting way, about how they're actually quite a successful pair of old marrieds: how, in fact, they completely rely upon each other. I do not know if the film necessarily does a great job of actually demonstrating that Noriko is better off with Ushio than without him: if there are benefits to her besides habit, comfort, and familiarity, they are buried well indeed. But that, to an extent, is exactly the point the film is arguing: habit, comfort, and familiarity are not terrible things, particularly when they can be nudged aside to accommodate a certain degree of flexibility.

Which is exactly what happens. Inasmuch as the film has a narrative - it emerges slowly, after a full third of the movie has been about nothing else than capturing the couple's dynamic - it's about Noriko finally taking decisive action to make her own work of art after all these decades. This takes the form of a series of autobiographical paintings in something like comic book form that recasts her marriage through two cartoon characters named Cutie and Bullie (the "boxer" in the title is from Ushio's present method of painting: wrapping his hands in foam pads, dipping them in paint, and punching his way across a canvas. Thus do the two halves of the title give each member of the marriage a chance to speak for themselves). It's largely in the form of the Cutie narrative, animated in Flash or something like it, that the story of the Shinoharas' life together is related, along with some home movies and videos; thus it is that Noriko's perspective dominates, though given his brusque behavior and habitual drunkness, it's not clear that Ushio would be able or interested in telling his half of the story. At times, he seems almost pleased to know that his wife has been pissed off at him for their entire life together, and would perhaps endorse her version of events anyway.

The two sparring partners are remarkably comfortable in front of Heinzerling's camera, giving Cutie and the Boxer a casual closeness that is not by any means common in documentaries about people going through their lives, and this is beyond question the best thing the film has going for it. There's a natural desire to watch from the shadows as messy people go about the details of their even messier lives - at the time Heinzerling was filming, the Shinoharas were just about flat broke, and only a fortuitous gallery show that shows up in the film's back half kept them treading water - and by all means, this film is fairly terrific at that, while showcasing the ineffable mystery of love and companionship in a relaxed way that doesn't telegraph what it's doing in capital letters. I have to be honest though: however interesting the content is, watching people only takes you so far, and the very neutral tone the film adopts, alongside the generic aesthetic vocabulary, left me feeling a bit undernourished. It's not that every documentary biography has to adopt the warped and manipulative mentality of a Werner Herzog film; but at the same time, I don't think it would be an awful thing if more films did it.

The one word above all that suggests itself is "satisfying": it is a totally satisfying movie in all ways. But "satisfying" is not the same as, and is perhaps even in direct opposition to "exciting". By all means, Cutie and the Boxer treats its unique subjects with an admirable degree of frankness and clear-headed journalism. It just doesn't do anything else, and even after only 82 minutes, I found myself doubting that I had any more interest in these people or a desire to revisit their story, as presented here, for any conceivable reason.

7/10